[107], A third of Finland's land area originally consisted of moorland, about half of this area has been drained for cultivation over the past centuries. Love for Learning In tertiary education, two mostly separate and non-interoperating sectors are found: the profession-oriented polytechnics and the research-oriented universities. 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For much of the early 20th century, Finland was agrarian and underdeveloped, with a GDP per capita trailing other Nordic countries by 30 to 40 percent in . Finland Proper was the most densely populated area. 18. [136], Finland has been ranked above average among the world's countries in democracy,[137] press freedom,[138] and human development. The endangered Saimaa ringed seal, one of only three lake seal species in the world, exists only in the Saimaa lake system of southeastern Finland, down to only 390 seals today. The Armistice and treaty signed with the Soviet Union in 1944 and 1948 included Finnish obligations, restraints, and reparations, as well as further Finnish territorial concessions in addition to those in the Moscow Peace Treaty. The Aurora Borealis (Northern Lights) are seen regularly in every season but summer in Lapland and other parts of Finland. The current president is Sauli Niinist; he took office on 1 March 2012. Due to its commitment to equal rights and emphasis on transparency, Finlands press has been rated the freest one in the world. Conversely, Finnish is closely related to Estonian and Karelian, and more distantly to Hungarian and the Sami languages. The United States considers it a developed country due to its strong economy, but globally it is generally considered developing due to its high rate of poverty). Of these, Christmas and Midsummer are special in Finland because the actual festivities take place on eves, such as Christmas Eve[310][311] and Midsummer's Eve,[312][313] while Christmas Day and Midsummer's Day are more consecrated to rest. 40. [96] Its largest lake, Saimaa, is the fourth largest in Europe. Imports included silk and other fabrics, jewelry, Ulfberht swords, and, in lesser extent, glass. The Finnish punk scene produced some internationally acknowledged names including Terveet Kdet in the 1980s. The military YYA Treaty (Finno-Soviet Pact of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance) gave the Soviet Union some leverage in Finnish domestic politics. Each year, around 12,000 book titles are published. [135], Section 6 of the Finnish Constitution states: "No one shall be placed in a different position on situation of sex, age, origin, language, religion, belief, opinion, state of health, disability or any other personal reason without an acceptable reason". [47] Finland suffered a severe famine in 16951697, during which about one third of the Finnish population died,[48] and a devastating plague a few years later. Finland forms a symbolic northern border between western and . Olkiluodon ydinvoimalan viimeinen testi maalissa maanantaista odotetaan suurta piv", "Electricity price statistics - Statistics Explained", "Journey deep into the Finnish caverns where nuclear waste will be buried for millennia", "Top Gear: Finland's Busiest Roads Revealed", "Tulihevonen saapui ensi kerran Hmeenlinnaan 150 vuotta sitten", "Freedom of the Seas Fact Sheet Royal Caribbean Press Center", "Europe:: Finland The World Factbook Central Intelligence Agency", "The Global Competitiveness Report 20072008", "Corruption Perceptions Index 2012 Results", "Ranking of economies Doing Business World Bank Group", Matkailutilinpito: Matkailun talous- ja tyllisyysvaikutukset 20162017, Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment, "The Real Home of Santa Claus in Finland", "Santa Claus Reindeer rides & excursions in Rovaniemi Lapland Finland", "Discover the winter magic with Huskies and Reindeers", "Top 6 Theme Parks And Amusement Parks in Finland", "5 Finnish cities that deserve a tourist visit", "Total Fertility Rate around the world over the last centuries", Kirkkonummen Sanomat: Nurmijrvi ilmi voimistui heinkuussa Kirkkonummella vkiluvun kasvu 1,2%, "Helsingin seudun vieraskielinen vest yli kaksinkertaistuu vuoteen 2035 menness", "Twice a minority: foreign immigration to Swedish-speaking communities in Finland", "Discovering Swedish-speaking municipalities: Kristinestad", "Discovering Swedish-speaking municipalities: Jakobstad", "Discovering Swedish-speaking municipalities: Nykarleby", "Swedish language courses for foreigners in land | Nordic cooperation", "Appendix table 2. [192] Finland has one of the oldest populations in the world, with a median age of 42.6 years. The depression bottomed out in 1993, and Finland saw steady economic growth for more than ten years. In terms of medals and gold medals won per capita, Finland is the best-performing country in Olympic history. Geography and history of Finland | Britannica Rossi, Venla: "7 vrinksityst suomen kielest". It is a ubiquitous part of the scenery, visible wherever there is no soil cover. Developed countries or cities ( IMF) Developing countries (IMF) Least developed countries (UN) Data unavailable World map showing country classifications per the IMF [1] and the UN [2] (last updated April 2023). [213] Likewise, a majority of Swedish-speaking non-landers can speak Finnish. Thats approximately one quart per person per day. China 3. [240] The under-five mortality rate was 2.3 per 1,000 live births in 2017, ranking Finland's rate among the lowest in the world. The artefacts the first settlers left behind present characteristics that are shared with those found in Estonia, Russia, and Norway. [164], Finland's road system is utilized by most internal cargo and passenger traffic. Finland is the freest country in the world together with Sweden and Norway. 6. 2023 TheFactFile.Org. It has a total area of 338,145 square km. Potatoes are the favorite side dish at many meals. The 10 largest foreign born groups are (in order) from Russia, Estonia, Sweden, Iraq, China, Somalia, Thailand, Vietnam, Serbia and India, with Turkey dropping to 11th place from last year.[203]. [105][106] The species has become the emblem of the Finnish Association for Nature Conservation. Potato, meat and fish play a prominent role in traditional Finnish dishes. In politics, there was a tendency to avoid any policies and statements that could be interpreted as anti-Soviet. Finland Impact in Global Health - World Health Organization (WHO) This Land of the Midnight Sun offers visitors beautiful scenery, wonderful outdoor adventures, delicious cuisine and some interesting annual contests and customs. Among the Finnish highways, the most significant and busiest main roads include the Turku Highway (E18), the Tampere Highway (E12), the Lahti Highway (E75), and the ring roads (Ring I and Ring III) of the Helsinki metropolitan area and the Tampere Ring Road of the Tampere urban area.[165]. [259], The World Economic Forum ranks Finland's tertiary education No. It borders Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the south, across from Estonia. Transport and communications ministryRail. [103] Around 24,000 species of insects are prevalent in Finland some of the most common being hornets with tribes of beetles such as the Onciderini also being common. [72] The Finnish Democratic Republic was established by Joseph Stalin at the beginning of the war to govern Finland after Soviet conquest. [160] About 20% of electricity is imported, especially from Sweden due to its lower cost there. The Sami language is the indigenous language. There are exactly 179,584 islands in and around Finland, a world record. In addition, the public health services are usually organized based on counties. In 1981, President Urho Kekkonen's failing health forced him to retire after holding office for 25 years. [299] Worldwide, Finns, along with other Nordic peoples and the Japanese, spend the most time reading newspapers. Among the world's richest countries, Finland is the third most dedicated to policies that benefit people living in poorer nations. 30. Today the Republic of Finland is located on a peninsula geographically within the region of Scandinavia, but Finland is actually part of Fenland instead. Karelian pastry is a traditional Finnish dish made from a rye crust filled with rice. The cabinet exercises most executive powers and originates most of the bills that the parliament then debates and votes on. He maintained an effective monopoly on Soviet relations from 1956 on, which was crucial for his continued popularity. Equality Amongst Schools 1.10. Municipalities co-operate in seventy sub-regions and nineteen counties. Having been compressed under the enormous weight of the glaciers, terrain in Finland is rising due to the post-glacial rebound. Finnish architecture is famous around the world, and has contributed significantly to several styles internationally, such as Jugendstil (or Art Nouveau), Nordic Classicism and functionalism. The Gulf Stream combines with the moderating effects of the Baltic Sea and numerous inland lakes to explain the unusually warm climate compared with other regions that share the same latitude, such as Alaska, Siberia, and southern Greenland. [220] The Nordic languages and Karelian are also specially recognized in parts of Finland. Lifestyle-related diseases are on the rise. It is among the wealthiest countries in Europe and in the world. [124], The Finnish Defence Forces consist of a cadre of professional soldiers (mainly officers and technical personnel), currently serving conscripts, and a large reserve. Transparency International, based in Berlin, has rated Finland since 1998 as the worlds least corrupt country. After Finland had gained independence in 1917, religious freedom was declared in the constitution of 1919, and a separate law on religious freedom in 1922. There is a sizeable pronunciation difference between the varieties of Swedish spoken in the two countries, although their mutual intelligibility is nearly universal. [242] With a low birth rate women also become mothers at a later age, the mean age at first live birth being 28.6 in 2014. Lying approximately between latitudes 60 and 70 N, and longitudes 20 and 32 E, Finland is one of the world's northernmost countries. [27][28] Commercial contacts that had so far mostly been to Estonia started to extend to Scandinavia. Day or night, winter or summer, its the law to do so in Finland. Analysis | Why Finland is so good at handling forest fires. Hint: It's [262][263] Adult education appears in several forms, such as secondary evening schools, civic and workers' institutes, study centres, vocational course centres, and folk high schools. [274] Finnish popular music also includes various kinds of dance music; tango, a style of Argentine music, is also popular. Finland has the highest concentration of cooperatives relative to its population. [81] The new jobs in manufacturing, services, and trade quickly attracted people to the towns. [41], The Finnish population elected Tarja Halonen in the 2000 Presidential election, making her the first female President of Finland. South Africa - 23.5. There are at least sixty native mammalian species, 248 breeding bird species, over 70 fish species, and 11 reptile and frog species present today, many migrating from neighbouring countries thousands of years ago. Almost everyone takes a sauna at least once a week. The right-wing government, led by Prime Minister P. E. Svinhufvud, presented the Declaration of Independence on 4 December 1917, which was officially approved on 6 December, by the Finnish Parliament. There are two sign languages: Finnish Sign Language, spoken natively by 4,0005,000 people,[216] and Finland-Swedish Sign Language, spoken natively by about 150 people. He remains one of Finland's most popular national figures. The Prime Minister is the country's most powerful person. 20. There are more saunas than there are cars in Finland, even one in a Burger King! [147] In 2006, 62% of the workforce worked for enterprises with less than 250 employees and they accounted for 49% of total business turnover. The Finnish sauna culture is inscribed on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists. Finland's best-known sculptor of the 20th century was Win Aaltonen, remembered for his monumental busts and sculptures. Significant parliamentary parties are Centre Party, Christian Democrats, Finns Party, Green League, Left Alliance, National Coalition Party, Social Democrats and Swedish People's Party.

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