As France fell to the evil Axis forces, Montys 3rd Division was always in the right place at the right time to cover the British retreat at Dunkirk. Utterly devastated, Montgomery resolved to throw himself into his work right after the funeral. Please reach out to us to let us know what youre interested in reading. Rommel attacked at Alam Halfa on August 31, Montgomery won a defensive battle. Yet Montgomery virtually destroyed two German field armies in the Argentan-Falaise pocket, closed on August 19, and he propelled the four Allied armies across the Seine River in a pursuit that came to an end only at the Siegfried Line. The 8th Army moved across the Biferno River and captured Termoli after a complicated and brilliant operation that utilized an amphibious landing together with a direct pressure force. You can easily fact check it by examining the linked well-known sources. Montgomery's most famous action came in 1942, when he led the British Eighth Army in expelling General Erwin Rommel and the German Afrika Corps out of North Africa. Making distraction rewarding since 2017. Bernard Montgomery or 'Monty', as he was affectionately known by his troops, was one of Britain's greatest generals, delivering the Allies one of their first significant victories in the Second World War - defeating the Germans at El Alamein. Encyclopedia of World Biography. Towards the end of his life, Montgomery adopted controversial opinions that betrayed the fact that he had, maybe, outlived his usefulness. The war began in September 1939 after Germany invaded Poland. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). Bernard Law | Montgomery, 1st Viscount, Montgomery | Britannica . His superiors nearly expelled him for his rowdiness and violence, which had to be very rowdy and very violent for the Army to nearly expel him. . There Montgomery restored the troops shaken confidence and, combining drive with caution, forced Rommel to retreat from Egypt after the Battle of El-Alamein in November 1942. He ordered immediate reinforcement of the vital heights of Alam Halfa, just behind his own lines, expecting the German commander, Erwin Rommel, to attack with the heights as his objective, something that Rommel soon did. Needless to say, Montys flirtatious drawings of tanks and heavy infantry didnt exactly impress Anderson and she turned down his proposal. John Whiteclay Chambers II "Montgomery, Bernard Law During the Second World War he commanded the Eighth Army from August 1942 in the Western Desert until the final Allied victory in Tunisia. Military.com Bernard Law Montgomery was born in November 1887 in . Died December 21, 1945 The Oxford Companion to American Military History. Early in the First World War between 1914 and 1918, he was shot through the lung by a sniper during the First Battle of Ypres. Montgomery's troops took part in the Allied advance across northern Europe, liberating the Netherlands and finally driving into Germany. While on holiday in Ireland in 1979, he was killed by members of the Irish Republican Army (a group that often uses terrorism to protest Great Britain's presence in northern Ireland) who had nothing against Mountbatten personally but wanted to show that no one was immune. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Only two months later, he was shot in the chest. Bernard Montgomery | Military Wiki | Fandom It came to a climax on Dec. 16, 1944, when the Germans launched their Ardennes counteroffensive and created the Battle of the Bulge. It is said that he was personally seen by as many as a million men, whose lives he promised not to waste and whom he encouraged to have faith in an eventual victory. As CIGS, Montgomery toured Africa in 1947 and in a secret 1948 report to Prime Minister Clement Attlees government proposed a master plan to amalgamate British African territories and exploit the raw materials of Africa, thereby counteracting the loss of British influence in Asia. His father, Henry Montgomery, was a minister in the Church of Ireland while his mother, Maud, was, herself, the daughter of a reverend. He had witnessed suffering and death that he considered unnecessary, and he had seen officers sacrifice soldiers needlessly in hopeless battles. Retrieved June 29, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/montgomery-bernard. As one of his detractors put it, I have come to the conclusion that his love of publicity is a disease[]and that it sends him equally mad. New York: Ballantine Books, 1967. ." We may all come from different walks of life but we have one common passion - learning through travel. That was General Sir Alan Brooke, the head of the British Army. Thanks for your time! In the end, however, it was likely her aggression that had prepared him for a life of battle. Bernard Law Montgomery commander of the British Eighth Army - Pinterest Known to be difficult to work with, "Monty" was nevertheless exceptionally popular with the British public. On October 23 at the Battle of El Alamein, Montgomery gained an offensive victory. He transformed the demoralized 8th Army into a skilled fighting machine that defeated German field marshal Erwin Rommel's (1891-1944; see entry) fierce Afrika Korps in the North African desert. Even in the desert, slow and steady wins the raceor, in this case, the decisive battle of WWII. Bernard Montgomery - English general and field marshal - D-day Info 'The end of the beginning': Montgomery & El Alamein (An occupation army takes control of the conquered country and oversees its transition into peacetime.). Montgomery's most famous action came in 1942, when he led the British Eighth Army in expelling General Erwin Rommel and the German Afrika Corps out of North Africa. Encyclopedia.com. Montgomery retired in 1958 and went to live with his son David at Isington Mill in Alton, Hampshire, where he Like all narcissists (and school girls), Monty kept a detailed secret diary. But it was a victory paid for in bloodtoo much blood, Montgomery thought. 101 Scandalous Facts About Old Hollywood Stars, Tragic Facts About Queen Victoria, The Widow Of Windsor, These Bad Dates Are Straight Out Of Our Nightmares, Grandiose Facts About Marie Antoinette, The Doomed Queen. If anyone understood that victory always came at a cost, it should have been Monty. Leadership Lessons of Field Marshal Montgomery (#195) He impressed the Commander enough to secure himself a position at Staff College. Historys most fascinating stories and darkest secrets, delivered to your inbox daily. In 1926 he became an instructor at the Staff College, and in 1929 he was assigned to head the committee to rewrite the army's manual on infantry training. Finally, Eisenhower gave Montgomery permission to launch Operation Market-Garden, a combined air-ground attack planned to get British forces across the lower Rhine River in Holland. Our editors are instructed to fact check thoroughly, including finding at least three references for each fact. Bernard Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein Biography, Life However, Montys superior officers defended his decision to retreat. Died October 16, 1959 Copyright 2023 by Factinate.com. While Monty would have seen all kinds of grievous injuries and diseases during his service, nothing could have prepared him for the tragedy that came next. General Omar Bradley in World War II - ThoughtCo Monty only gave the impression that he was a cold and calculating man of action. The Many Mistakes of Bernard Montgomery | War History Online Bernard Montgomery was a career officer in the British Army and one of the major Allied military leaders during World War II. Montgomery believed that commanders who remained distant from their troops could not command as much loyalty and dedication as those who saw and talked to as many soldiers as possible. https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/montgomery-bernard-law, John Whiteclay Chambers II "Montgomery, Bernard Law Adopting the COSSAC plan, Eisenhower appointed General Sir Bernard Montgomery to command the invasion's ground forces. For example, he made a bet with US General Walter Bedell Smith that he could capture the town of Sfax by mid-April 1943. Gen. Montgomery Scribbled His D-Day Plan on a Single Sheet of Paper near Herrlingen, Germany First World War The First World War began in August 1914 and Montgomery moved to France with his regiment that month. The invasion of Normandy, France, on D . General Sir Bernard Montgomery in England, by War Office official photographer Wikimedia Commons. Montgomery had proved his skills in organizing, training, and motivating troops, and his efforts were formally recognized when England's King George VI knighted him. Gen. Bernard "Monty" Montgomery addressing British troops. Our credibility is the turbo-charged engine of our success. 1981-1986. The campaign was not successful, and the British troops had to be evacuated from Dunkirk, on the northern shore of France. JOHN CANNON "Montgomery, Bernard When the initial phase of the successful Normandy invasion was over and the Allies prepared to move across France toward Germany, the command structure changed. He fought in France during World War I and was mentioned in dispatches for gallantry in action. . Bernard C. Harris Publishing Company, Inc. https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/educational-magazines/montgomery-bernard, https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/bernard-law-montgomery, https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/montgomery-bernard-law, https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/montgomery-bernard. Then he became chairman of the Western European Union's (with representatives from Great Britain, the Netherlands, France, Belgium, and Luxembourg) Commanders in Chief Committee. He told them: "Here we will stand and fight; there can be no further withdrawal we will stand and fight here. Bernard Montgomery (November 17, 1887-March 24, 1976) was a British soldier who rose through the ranks to become one of the most important military leaders of World War II. 2023 . Yet since he could hardly take it out on the matriarch of the family, he turned on his smaller, less powerful schoolmates. Allied Invasion Doctor Idi What is true about bernard montgomery? ." It crossed the Rhine on 24 March 1945, in Operation Plunder, which took place two weeks after the First United States Army had crossed the Rhine after capturing the Ludendorff Bridge during the Battle of Remagen. September 12, 2022 To beleaguered Britons in the autumn of 1942, the hard-fought victory of the Eighth Army under its new commander General Bernard Montgomery at the Second Battle of El Alamein came as much-needed relief. Erwin Rommel was a German Field Marshal during that same era. Swoon. Bernard Montgomery - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Captain Bernard L. Montgomery, DSO (on the right), with a fellow officer of 104th Brigade, 35th Division, with which he . In March, Montgomery took part in the final Anglo-American offensive in Tunisia, which swept the Axis forces entirely out of North Africa by May. In fact, Auchinleck had no plans to withdraw from the strong defensive position he had chosen and established at El Alamein. Subscribe for virtual tools, STEM-inspired play, creative tips and more Subscribe With Horrible Friends Like These, Who Needs Enemies? Montgomery was determined that the army, navy, and air forces should fight their battles in a unified, focused manner according to a detailed plan. Even though his abrasive personality and arrogance had made him unpopular with some people, Montgomery's skills and experience were noted by his superior officers. Bernard Montgomery was one of the British top Generals during WWII commander of the Eight Army known as the Desert Rats. Apparently, Montys idea of a romantic walk on the beach included drawing diagrams in the sand of hypothetical troop and armored vehicle deployments. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. . In September, Montgomery's plan, nicknamed Operation Market Garden, was to land Allied troops behind the northernmost section of Germany's front line, and create a gap through which more troops could pour in and surround the Field Marshal Bernard Law Montgomery was one of the most prominent and successful British commanders of the Second World War (1939-45). He then continued in command of the 21st Army Group for the rest of the campaign in North West Europe. This was denied in favor of Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery's Operation Market-Garden. In later years, Montgomery would be criticized for refusing to begin battles before his plans, troops, and equipment were ready, but those fighting under his command appreciated his concern for their lives. In other words, its not entirely clear that, in his 88 years, he enjoyed anything other than a good fight. He was involved in the negotiations that led to India's independence in 1947 (as well as the establishment of Pakistan, which broke off from India to become a separate country). Britain declared war on Germany on 3 September 1939. Life and death of Bernard Montgomery - D-Day, Normandy and Beyond Montgomery's troops adopted his determination. In fact, when Monty was just a few months old, his father inherited the family estate New Parkand all of its crippling debts. Within just one week of arriving in North Africa, Monty had restored morale amongst the men. A member of the British royal family, Mountbatten was the great-grandson of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. ." Considered by some historians the greatest British general of all time, Bernard Montgomery was the best known and most successful officer to lead British troops during World War II. Heidenheim, Germany Despite his reputation for being a little hard-headed (or because of it), Churchill chose Monty. Bernard's mother Maud was the daughter of the well-known preacher Frederic William Farrar, and was eighteen years younger than her husband. In reality, he had a few soft spotsand the enemy had just captured one of them. Try as he might, however, Montgomery could not escape tragedy. Carefully, Monty explained to Browne what would happen if he didnt turn over the missing officers. The winter fighting was bitter. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. But, to his superiors, it looked like he had turned coward. Bernard Montgomery | World War II Wiki | Fandom Encyclopedia.com. Field Marshal Bernard Law Monty Montgomery was instrumental in defeating the Axis forces during WWII. Monty at Close Quarters. Considering his mothers constant beatings, Monty was no stranger to the horrors of cruelty and brutality. https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/bernard-law-montgomery, "Bernard Law Montgomery Before he retired for the evening, he gave his men just one order: not to disturb him. Meanwhile, U.S. leaders were pushing for an invasion of Burma, which was a key strategic location because of its nearness to China. I have [canceled] the plan for withdrawal, he said. The frightful casualties appalled me, Monty wrote of his experience decades later. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. After ten years, however, Betty died from an insect bite. At the Mareth Line, 20 to 27 March, when Montgomery encountered fiercer frontal opposition than he had anticipated, he switched his major effort into an outflanking inland pincer, backed by low-flying RAF fighter-bomber support. But when Gott was killed in a plane crash on his way to his new job, Montgomery was assigned to head the 8th Army. Born in 1900, he joined the British navy and served as a midshipman during World War I, specializing in the use of signals. Your suggestions can be as general or specific as you like, from Life to Compact Cars and Trucks to A Subspecies of Capybara Called Hydrochoerus Isthmius. Well get our writers on it because we want to create articles on the topics youre interested in. Field Marshal Bernard L. Montgomery (1887-1976) is best known as one of the most senior British commanders in World War 2. He was an inspirational military commander during the world war II. In fact, shortly thereafter, he attended the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, but even the strict officers of the British Army had a tough time straightening him out. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. At Factinate, were dedicated to getting things right. In fact, the doctors attending to him were so certain that he would only return to Britain in a coffin that the British Army prepared his grave. As the widowed sister of a British Army officer, she and her two sons fit seamlessly into Montys life. Kids Encyclopedia Facts Field Marshal Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein, KG, GCB, DSO, PC ( 17 November 1887 - 24 March 1976), often referred to as "Monty", was a British Army officer. she would say, 'Go and find out what Bernard is doing and tell him to stop it.'" 4 reviews. Just as he had planned, Monty captured Sfax in early April and promptly reached out to Smith to collect his winnings. Bernard Montgomery was the British general who was popularly known as Monty. Montgomery was sent as part of the British Expeditionary Force sent to help fight off a German invasion. Legendary British WW2 Field Marshal Montgomery - "Indomitable in On 4 May 1945, Montgomery accepted the surrender of the German forces in north-western Europe at Lneburg Heath, south of Hamburg, after the surrender of Berlin to the USSR on 2 May. Monty, 3 vols. The two American beaches were separated by a headland known as Pointe du Hoc. 57 Bernard Montgomery Facts: All About The British Field Marshal ." Bloody business. When Monty looked up, he realized that dozens upon dozens of IRA volunteers had taken up firing positions, completely surrounding him and his men. 2023 . Quite literally, in Montys case. In the spring of 1940, the Kelly was almost sunk several times by torpedoes from German airplanes. But it wasnt until the outbreak of WWI that he would really distinguish himself. By the wars end, the remaining formations of the 21st Army Group, the First Canadian Army and British Second Army, had liberated the northern part of the Netherlands and captured much of north-west Germany, occupied Hamburg and Rostock, and sealed off the Danish peninsula. (June 29, 2023). Arriving in northern Egypt, Montgomery quickly set out to improve the spirits of his troops. In des, Patton, George S. Montgomery had issued a circular on the prevention of venereal disease, worded in such obscene language, that both the Church of England and Roman Catholic senior chaplains objected to. This Osprey Command title looks closely at the early life, military experiences and key battlefield exploits of Field Marshal Bernard Law Montgomery, first Viscount Montgomery of Alamein. However, the date of retrieval is often important. Want to tell us to write facts on a topic? Nevertheless, he was caught off guard shortly after his resounding success in the Second Battle of El Alamein. His wifes condition did not improve following the amputation. . In the heat of the First Battle of Ypres, Monty fell into a snipers crosshairsand they didn't miss. . Now a lieutenant general, Montgomery reorganized the 8th Army, gave the officers and men confidence in themselves and in eventual victory, and set about to defeat his opponent, German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel. Montgomery led his army across the Strait of Messina on Sept. 3, 1943, to the Italian mainland. Bernard Law Monty Montgomery was born in 1887 in London, England to a particularly strict and zealous family. worked on his memoirs. Meanwhile, he focused on training and rigorous physical fitness to keep his men ready for possible attack. But Monty had his victory and, most, importantly, the opportunity to thumb his nose at those who had doubted him. He was to have captured Caen on D-day, but he took it only on the forty-second day of the campaign. But it cost him dearly. Bernard Montgomery by Tim Moreman - Goodreads If we cannot stay here alive, then we will stay here dead. Field Marshal Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein, was also known as "Monty." He was the most well-known British general of World War II because he was unwavering in the face of adversity and was notorious for his sharp wit, self-promotion, and direct attitude. Additionally, a few short years after their marriage, Monty and Carver had a child of their own; a son named David. Bernard was appointed commander of the British Eighth Army in North Africa In August 1942 Prime Minister Winston Churchill appointed him commander of the British Eighth Army in North Africa, which had recently been defeated and pushed back to Egypt by German General Erwin Rommel.

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